Exploraciones en la Antartida.kmz

Exploraciones en la Antartida

1989 -1990Expedición International Trans-Antarctica

Path

placemarks Path

3 March 1990 Mirnyi Station

december 1989

1955 -1958 Fuchs el cruce de Hillary

el camino

Path Fuchs Hillary

el Camino del placemarks

november 1957 Schakleton base

2 march 1958 arrived Scott base

19th January 1958

1933 - 1935El camino de Byrd

El camino de Byrd

Path Byrd Land ans plaine

december 1934

22 november 1934

18 november 1934

los descubrimientos del placemarks

Marie la tierra del Pájaro

las montañas del horlick

1933 - 1934 Christensen - los Descubrimientos (ballenero)

Christensen - el los Descubrimientos (el ballenero)

/Leopold and Astrid Coast

1930 -1931 Los Descubrimientos de Halvorsen

otros placemarks y descubrimientos

Queen Astrid land

1930 - 1931 Los viajes de Risser

El camino Larsen

Untitled Path

Path Rissen Larson

16 february 1931

februari 1930

february 1930

january 1930

december 1929

november 1929

los descubrimientos de Lasen

Princess Martha land

Queen Maud land

Princess Ragnhild Coast

1929 - 1930 El viaje de Byrd

Los caminos de Byrd

29 november 1929 Byrd at the Pole by plane

los descubrimientos de Byrd

Ford-Edsel Range

Marie Bird land

Path Wilkins

1929 - 1931 Viaje de Mawson
In 1931 he went back and did his exploration by airplane

Los caminos

Los caminos placemarks

11 february 1931
Lars christensen land (MacRobertson) by plaine

9 february 1931
Elizabeth land discovered by plane

Los descubrimientos de Mawson

Lars christensen land (MacRobertson)

Princess Elizabeth Land

1914-1916 los shackletons intentan cruzar el antártico

Schakletons path true the ice 1911-1914
Placemarks and path from 'South' text an map

1912 Filchner

september 1912

january 1912

El camino de Filner

path Filchner

Los descubrimientos de Fichner

Flichner Ice shelf

Filchner Luitpold coast 1910/1911 Filchner
Filchner Discovered Luitpold coast, and charted south shore of Weddell Sea; Discovered Filchner Ice Shelf.

1912 Captain Scotts last voyage (South Pole)

Google Earth - New Path

Scott travel Path to the South Pole

20 th janary 1912

23 th january 1912

5 th february

13th of february 1912

27 th of february 1912

31 janaury 1912

march 9 th of 1912

?? location of the end
The place were he and his other expedition members were found dead.

26 november 1910
Lyttleton New sealand starting point of Scott expedition 26 november 1910

5 december 1910

6 december 1910

7 december 1910

19 december

3 january 1911

1 janary 1911

2 janury 1911

4 january 1911

1st november 1911
start of yourney to the pole

arrived at Bluff Depot

8-9 november 1911
One ton Depot

Mt Hooper

Mid Barrier depot

1 st december 1911

Lower Glacier depot
near the huge Beardmore glacier

Mt Hope

Three degrees depot

6 january 1912

Last depot

The South Pole. Where off course the found out that Admundsen had beat them to be the first on the Bottum off the world!!

1912 Los viajes de Admundsen

Southbound Route

Los descubrimientos de Framheim

Framheim
Roald Amundsen's base from where he launched his extraordinarily successful pioneering journey to the South Pole in 1911. On 20-Oct-1911, Amundsen and four companions, seasoned, experienced polar explorers all, set out for the South Pole with 54 dogs and four sleds. They arrived at the Geographic South Pole on 15-Dec-1911 and returned safely to Framheim on 26-Jan-1912. Reaching the South Pole first was the great prize of the so-called Heroic Age of Exploration (ca. 1890-1915), and Amundsen won because of his meticulous planning, vast experience, and his willingness to adopt new technologies while not spurning existing tried-and-true methods.
I may say that this is the greatest factor -- the way in which the expedition is equipped -- the way in which every difficulty is foreseen, and precautions taken for meeting or avoiding it. Victory awaits him who has everything in order -- luck, people call it. Defeat is certain for him who has neglected to take the necessary precautions in time; this is called bad luck.
The South Pole by Roald Amundsen.
Photo from The South Pole, by Roald Amundsen; image from the NOAA Library
Photograph of Amundsen's ship Fram ("Forward" in Norwegian) at the Ross Ice Shelf front. The Ross Ice Shelf was called "The Barrier" by James Clark Ross originally (1852) , and subsequently by all the early explorers. This imposing cliff of ice rises up from the ocean (the Ross Sea), but is relatively impermanent, with large icebergs "calving" periodically and floating out to sea. Scott, Shackleton, and other early explorers mistrusted the stability of the barrier and chose to base themselves on the "Terra Firma" of Ross Island to the west, and crucially, farther to the North. Amundsen's stroke of genius was to see the Barrier as solid enough for his purposes and he took a (small) calculated risk, but thereby started out closer to the Pole than Scott or Shackleton.
Photo taken in 1998 from the R/V NB Palmer; image from the NOAA Library
Capt. Robert Falcon Scott and four companions arrived at the South Pole on 17-Jan-1912 only to find Amundsen's spare tent and a Norwegian flag. All five members of Scott's party perished on the return journey. This was Scott's second journey in the Antarctic. In 1904, Scott and two companions (Dr. Wilson and Lt. Shackleton) walked to 82 17' S. In 1908, Shackleton returned and travelled to within 97 miles of the South Pole before turning back. Here is an early version of Google Earth! Photo from The South Pole, by Roald Amundsen; image from the NOAA Library
To learn more about the Heroic Age please take a look at these books:
The South Pole by Roald Amundsen, available for download from Project Gutenberg
The Last Place on Earth by Roland Huntford
The White Lantern by Evan S. Connell
Shackleton by Roland Huntford
Endurance by Alfred Lansing

Steershead crevasses, 1-Nov-1911
Steershead Ice Rise (so named by US Navy airmen flying from McMurdo Station to Byrd Surface Camp because the pattern of crevasses look like a "steer's head").
This MODIS satellite image shows the region that Amundsen's party crossed (the crevassed region in the middle and lower right quadrant of the image). The ice is flowing from left to lower right and is afloat. However, as it passes over Steershead, it encounters a local high spot in the ocean floor, and the ice grounds against that spot. In the process of passing over that high spot, immense crevasses open, which eventually fill up and close after they are far enough away from the disturbance. Image from the NASA EarthObservatory

This depot, laid the previous summer (February, 1911... remember, in the southern hemisphere the seasons are reversed and Dec, Jan, and Feb are summer) replenished the polar party's supplies. Amundsen felt that he truly began his Polar journey here. He started with 1300 lbs (590kg) of food per person, in contrast to Scott, who left his base at McMurdo Station (77 51S, 166 39E) with 130 lbs per person!

Discovery, 8-Nov-1911
The Discovery party of 1902 (Scott, Wilson, and Shackleton) had established a farthest south at this latitude in their attempt on the Pole.

Betty's Knoll. 17-Nov-1911
Betty's Knoll, named after Amundsen's childhood nanny is at the base of the Transantarctic Mountains. This vast chain of mountains runs NW-SE bisecting Antarctica into East Antarctica (if one is looking north along the Prime Meridian, it would be to the east; paradoxically, from this location, East Antarctica is to the west!) and West Antarctica. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is relatively low and "warm", whereas the East Antarctic Ice Sheet rises to almost 4km above sea level. The South Pole is on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The view to the south from about 20 miles from Betty's Knoll, taken in Dec, 2004. This photograph is of the Transantarctic Mountains as seen from the Ross Ice Shelf (much as Amundsen would first have seen them). Betty's Knoll is to the lower right. Photograph by S. Anandakrishnan

Axel Heiberg Glacier. 18-Nov-1911
Until now the explorers have been on a relatively level surface. They have been crossing the Ross Ice Shelf, a floating mass of ice that is flat relatively smooth. The greatest danger was from rare crevasses and storms. Here they must ascend a steep and treacherous glacier with ice falls, crevasses, rock falls, and at the end, deal with altitude sickness.

Axel Heiberg Glacier. 19-Nov-1911

Axel Heiberg Glacier ice falls. 20-Nov-1911

Butcher's Shop. 21-Nov-1911
Amundsen's team has now climbed up onto the East Antarctic plateau. They are at an elevation of about 10,000 feet, and because of the cold air is dense and sinks, the air is as thin as air at 12,000 ft in low-latitude mountains like the Rockies, Andies, and the Himalayas. They are about 250 miles (400 km) from their goal and must slaughter many of their dogs (and feed them to the remaining dogs). They did this with sadness and regret, because the dogs had been good companions; but they had planned on this all along and each man shot his own dogs.

Plateau journey begins. 26-Nov-1911
The goal is almost in sight. The planning has been flawless, the men are at the top of their game. Though they would never jinx their chances by saying it out loud, they must have felt that victory was theirs. Their only anxiety was whether Scott's party had arrived there before them.

Devil's Glacier. 28-Nov-1911
A region of crevasses that Amundsen's team crossed in poor visibility and bad weather. The ice here is flowing to the east (to the left as Amundsen's team travels south) and as it encounters the Transantarctic Mountains, and is forced through the valleys, massive crevasses and ice falls form.

Devil's dance floor ("Ballroom"). 4-Dec-1911
A bizarre region of smooth ice. This is a so-called "blue-ice" field. When snow falls in the Antarctic, it doesn't melt. Ice is formed by the pressure of many years of snowfall piling up one on top of the other. So if we dig down, the top layers are snow (and then "firn" - snow that has been in place for more than a year), and finally, about 200ft (60m) below the surface, we find ice. In some places (particularly where the ice sheet meets the mountains, and it is windy), that deep ice is exhumed and brought to the surface. Interestingly, these blue ice fields are prime places for meteorite hunting! Meteorites that fall on the ice sheet are carried here and then brought to the surface. The famous Martian meteorite that some scientists though held evidence of life on Mars was found in one such blue-ice field about 200 miles (320km) to the north of this site.

Passed Shackleton's Farthest South. 8-Dec-1911
The great polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton lead 2 companions to within 97 miles of the South Pole in 1907. He turned back at this latitude because his supplies had run out (and as it is, they barely made it back alive). As he later said, "Better a live donkey than a dead lion." Amundsen greatly respected Shackleton (though he thought his methods mistaken).
Sir Ernest Shackleton's name will for evermore be engraved with letters of fire in the history of Antarctic exploration
The South Pole, by Roald Amundsen

The Pole. 15-Dec-1911. 3pm.
Amundsen spent two days here taking precise navigational measurements to find the exact spot where the rotational axis of the Earth emerges. To Amundsen, this was a melancholy moment; achieving a long-sought goal brings with it both great joy and some sadness. Photograph is from The South Pole, by Roald Amundsen; image from the NOAA Historical Photo Library
Scott, arriving a month later, suffering from hunger and cold, and seeing his hopes dashed, wrote in his diary "Great God, what an awful place." For many years, this desolate spot was unvisited until Adm. Richard Evelyn Byrd flew overhead in Nov, 1927. After that, the South Pole was once again undisturbed until Adm. Dufek of the US Navy arrived (via aircraft) in 1956. Edmund Hillary of NZ, and the man who first climbed Mt. Everest arrived here on 4-Jan-1958 (using Massey-Ferguson farm tractors!) and Vivien Fuchs of GB arrived on 18-Jan-1958 (using Tucker Sno-cats) both converged on this symbolic site in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58. The modern age of Antarctic exploration had begun.
The three claimants for the Pole, each distinguished by a driving ambition, but only Amundsen had that extra spark of genius that lead to victory.
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen, 1872-1928
, Capt. Robert Falcon Scott, 1868-1912
Sir Ernest Shackleton, 1874-1921

Pole today.
Today there is a busy scientific base at the South Pole, operated by the US National Science Foundation Antarctic Program. The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station has close to 200 residents in summer and about 50 in winter.

Otros descubrimiento

Queen Maud range

1911 - 1912 El viaje de Mawson

Los Camino

Path Mawson

Los pasos de Mawson

March 1912

Los descubrimientos

King George V land

Queen Mary land

Shackleton Ice Shelf

1911 - 1912 El viaje Japones de Shirase

Okuma Bay

1907-1909 El viaje de Shackleton para alcanzar el magnatic del polo Sur

path Shackeleton 1908

Los decubrimientos

At this point he had to return back because of shortage in food supply. Scott would use his route two years later to reach the pole.

1904 El viaje de Bruce

Cairdland

Coatsland

1904 - 1906 El viaje de Scotts

El camino de Scott

otros caminos

way back

2 february

King Edward VII land

Victoria land

1901 - 1903 El viaje de Drygalski

El camino de Drygalski

Path Drygalski

april 1903

february 1902

Kaiser Wilhelm II land

1902 - 1903 El viaje de Nordenskjold

Los caminos de Nordenskjold

Path Nordenskjold

january 1902

Crown Prince Gustaf canals

1902 - Nordenskjold - Scar Inlet (Scott Bay)

1898 - 1900 Los viajes de Borchgrevink

Los caminos Borchgrevink

Path Borchgrevink

march 1900

february 1900

february end 1899

Landing at Cape Adare

1897 - 1899 Los viajes de Gerlache

El camino el amundsen de Gerlache y cocinero del frederick

march 1898

1 february

Gerlache strait 10 february

1894/95 Kristensen - Cape Adare
Aterrizando primero en Contienent Del sur

1893 - 1894 Viaje de Larsen (Ballenero)

Los viajes placemarks

15 march

23 january

12 december

10 december

30 november

29 november

27 november

Robinson island

Oscar II land

1892 - Bruce - el Sonido Activo

1853/54 la Isla de MacDonald

1839 - 1840 Los viajes de Wilkes

wilkes path

Los caminos Placemarks

March 1840

February 1840

January 1840

Northsland

Untitled Placemark

Knoxland

1839 -1843 El viaje de descubrimiento de James Clark Ross

path of Ross

March middel 1843

March 1843

February 1843

April 1842

februari 1842

April 1841

november 1840

Victoria Land

Ross Island

/1839 El viaje de Balleny

Los caminos de Balleny

February 9 1839

January 1839

otros descubrimientos

Balleny islands

El camino de of D'Urville

Path Dúrville

El camino de placemarks

27 februart 1838

Louis Phillipe Land

D 'Urville Island

joinville Island

Adelieland

Clarie land

1833 -1834 Kemp (el sellador)

El camino de Kemp

path of Kemp

november 1833

los descubrimientos

Kemp land

Heard Island November 27, 1833,

1830 - 1832 Biscoe viaja al antártico

el camino del placemarks

February 15, 1832,

april 1831

February 24 1831

grahamland 21 february 1832

Adelaide Island

Enderby

Biscoe Island

Biscoe

1822 -1823 Weddell viajan de descubrimiento

el camino de Weddell

Path Weddell trough the Weddell sea

Los decubrimientos de Weddell

februari 1823

januari 1823

1820 Bransfield

trinityland

1820 Palmer (ballenero)

Palmerland